基于Angular 8和Bootstrap 4实现动态主题切换的示例代码

(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/16 浏览：2)

效果

首先看看效果：

本文将介绍如何基于Angular 8和Bootstrap 4来实现上面的主题切换效果。

设计

遵循Bootstrap的设计，我们会使用 bootswatch.com 提供的免费主题来实现上面的效果。Bootswatch为前端程序员提供了多达21种免费的Bootstrap主题，并且提供了API文档和实例页面，介绍如何在HTML+jQuery的环境中实现主题切换。其实，我们也可以使用Bootstrap官网提供的主题设计工具来设计自己的主题，这些自定义的主题也是可以用在本文介绍的方法里的，只需要替换相关的资源地址就可以。如果你打开Bootswatch的API，你就会看到各种主题的元数据信息，我们可以使用其中的cssMin链接来替换主页的link地址，以达到切换主题的目的。

在开工之前，还是要做一些粗略的设计。为了简单起见，我使用Bootstrap的Navbar来完成这个功能，因为Navbar的代码可以直接从Bootstrap官网拷贝过来，稍微改改就行。不同的是，我将Navbar封装在一个组件（Component）里，这样做的好处是，可以将切换主题的功能封装起来，以实现模块化的设计。下图展示了这一设计：

基本流程如下：

theme.service.ts提供从Bootswatch获取主题信息的服务
主应用app.component.ts调用theme.service.ts，获取主题信息，并将主题信息绑定到nav-bar.component.ts组件
第一次执行站点，站点会使用定义在environment.ts中的默认值作为默认主题，当每次切换主题时，会将所选主题绑定到nav-bar.component.ts上，用来在下拉菜单中标注已选主题，并将所选主题名称保存在LocalStorage，以便下次启动站点时直接应用已选主题
nav-bar.component.ts组件会在Navbar上的dropdown中列出所有的主题名称，并且标注所选主题，当用户点击某个主题名称时，就会触发themeSelectionChanged事件，app.component.ts接收到这个事件后，就会替换主页的link，完成主题设置

步骤

首先，根据Bootswatch API所返回的数据结构，定义一个数据模型：

export class ThemeDefinition {
 name: string;
 description: string;
 thumbnail: string;
 preview: string;
 css: string;
 cssMin: string;
 cssCdn: string;
 scss: string;
 scssVariables: string;
}
 
export class Themes {
 version: String;
 themes: ThemeDefinition[];
}

然后，创建theme.service.ts服务，用来调用Bootswatch API：

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
import { Themes } from '../models/themes';
 
@Injectable({
 providedIn: 'root'
})
export class ThemeService {
 
 constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }
 
 getThemes(): Observable<Themes> {
 return this.http.get<Themes>('https://bootswatch.com/api/4.json');
 }
}

接下来，创建Navbar组件，关键代码部分就是将主题的名称绑定到dropdown上，并根据选择的主题名称决定当前所显示的主题名称是否应该是active的。当然，dropdown的每个item还应该响应用户的点击事件：

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark">
 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="fab fa-acquisitions-incorporated"></i></a>
 <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent"
 aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
 <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
 </button>
 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
 <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
  <li class="nav-item active">
  <a class="nav-link" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
  </li>
  <li class="nav-item">
  <a class="nav-link" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a>
  </li>
  <li *ngIf="themes" class="nav-item dropdown">
  <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown"
   aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
   主题
  </a>
  <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
   <a *ngFor="let theme of themes.themes"
   [className]="theme.name === selectedTheme " href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" 
   (click)="onThemeItemSelected($event)">{{theme.name}}</a>
  </div>
  </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
</nav>

Navbar组件的代码如下：

import { Component, OnInit, Output, EventEmitter, Input } from '@angular/core';
import { Themes } from 'src/app/models/themes';
import { ThemeService } from 'src/app/services/theme.service';
import { ThemeDefinition } from 'src/app/models/theme-definition';
 
@Component({
 selector: 'app-nav-bar',
 templateUrl: './nav-bar.component.html',
 styleUrls: ['./nav-bar.component.css']
})
export class NavBarComponent implements OnInit {
 
 @Input() themes: Themes;
 @Input() selectedTheme:string;
 @Output() themeSelectionChanged : EventEmitter<ThemeDefinition> = new EventEmitter();
 
 constructor(private themeService: ThemeService) { }
 
 ngOnInit() {
 }
 
 onThemeItemSelected(event: any) {
 const selectedThemeName = event.target.text;
 const selectedTheme = this.themes.themes.find(t => t.name === selectedThemeName);
 this.themeSelectionChanged.emit(selectedTheme);
 }
}

在onThemeItemSelected事件处理函数中，会读取被点击dropdown item的名称，根据该名称找到所选的主题，然后将其作为事件数据，发起themeSelectionChanged事件，然后，就是app.component.ts来处理这个事件了。在该事件处理函数中，从事件数据获取主题信息，然后调用applyTheme方法来应用主题：

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { ThemeDefinition } from './models/theme-definition';
import { Themes } from './models/themes';
import { ThemeService } from './services/theme.service';
import { environment } from 'src/environments/environment';
import { StorageMap } from '@ngx-pwa/local-storage';
 
@Component({
 selector: 'app-root',
 templateUrl: './app.component.html',
 styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit {
 title = 'nblogger';
 themes: Themes;
 selectedTheme: string;
 
 constructor(private themeService: ThemeService,
 private storage: StorageMap) {
 
 }
 
 ngOnInit() {
 this.themeService.getThemes()
 .subscribe(data => {
  this.themes = data;
  this.storage.get('app-theme-name').subscribe(name => {
  const themeName = name "htmlcode">

<app-nav-bar [themes]="themes" [selectedTheme]="selectedTheme" (themeSelectionChanged)="onThemeSelectionChanged($event)"></app-nav-bar>
<div class="container">
 <article>
 <h1>Heading 1</h1>
 <h2>Heading 2</h2>
 <h3>Heading 3</h3>
 <h4>Heading 4</h4>
 </article>
 <div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
 这是一个警告框
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-secondary" role="alert">
 A simple secondary alert—check it out!
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
 A simple success alert—check it out!
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
 A simple danger alert—check it out!
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
 A simple warning alert—check it out!
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
 A simple info alert—check it out!
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-light" role="alert">
 A simple light alert—check it out!
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-dark" role="alert">
 A simple dark alert—check it out!
 </div>
 
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Secondary</button>
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">成功</button>
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">失败</button>
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">警告</button>
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">信息</button>
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-light">Light</button>
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-dark">Dark</button>
 
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
</div>


当然，记得在index.html中加入link的占位符，以便上面的applyTheme方法能够找到它：


<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>Nblogger</title>
 <base href="/" rel="external nofollow" >
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
 <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico" rel="external nofollow" >
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body>
 <app-root></app-root>
</body>
</html>


总结
我们可以将Bootswatch的所有主题下载到本地，由本地服务来提供主题的API，这样切换主题会变得更快，也可以自己自定义主题然后扩展这个自制的本地API来提供更丰富的主题，根据需要来定吧。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。

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