Python实现Tab自动补全和历史命令管理的方法

本文实例讲述了Python实现Tab自动补全和历史命令管理的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下：

Python的startup文件，即环境变量 PYTHONSTARTUP 对应的文件

1. 为readline添加tab键自动补全的功能

2. 像Shell一样管理历史命令

代码如下：
复制代码 代码如下:import rlcompleter
import readline
import atexit
import os
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7116038/python-tab-completion-mac-osx-10-7-lion
if 'libedit' in readline.__doc__:
    readline.parse_and_bind('bind ^I rl_complete')
else:
    readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pyhist')
try:
    readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
    pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del readline, rlcompleter, histfile, os

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

一。这个方法可以修改shell命令行的自动补全
1.获取python目录【我使用的是64位ubuntu系统】

[~$]python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2013, 06:20:15) 
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> import sys
> sys.path
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', 
'/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', 
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client', 
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch', 
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol']
> 

从上面看出python在我电脑上的路径是 /usr/lib/python2.7

2.切换至该目录写个startup.py的脚本,脚本目录就是处理python中<tab>事件，脚本内容如下

#!/usr/bin/python 
# python startup file 
     
import sys 
import readline 
import rlcompleter 
import atexit 
import os 
# tab completion 
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete') 
# history file 
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory') 
try: 
  readline.read_history_file(histfile) 
except IOError: 
  pass 
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) 
     
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter

3.切换至自己主目录

复制代码 代码如下:
[/usr/lib/python2.7$]cd
[~$]vi .bashrc

4. 增加环境变量

复制代码 代码如下:
#for python
export PYTHONSTARTUP=/usr/lib/python2.7/startup.py

5.配置环境变量生效

复制代码 代码如下:
[~$]source .bashrc

PYTHONSTARTUP是什么东西呢？

复制代码 代码如下:
If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that file are executed before the first prompt
is displayed in interactive mode.  The file is executed in the same name space where interactive commands are
executed so that  objects defined  or  imported in it can be used without qualification in the interactive session. 
You can also change the prompts sys.ps1 and sys.ps2 in this file.

二。这个方法能在VIM中自动补全

    1. 下载插件:
       下载地址：https://www.jb51.net/softs/305586.html

   2.拷贝致相应的目录

复制代码 代码如下:
unzip  pydiction-1.2.1.zip
cp python_pydiction.vim  /usr/share/vim/vim73/ftplugin
mkdir  /usr/share/vim/vim73/pydiction
cp complete-dict  /usr/share/vim/vim73/pydiction/
cp pydiction.py  /usr/share/vim/vim73/pydiction/

 3.修改vim配置文件

 复制代码 代码如下:
 let g:pydiction_location = '/usr/share/vim/vim73/pydiction/complete-dict'
let g:pydiction_menu_height = 20
 

 OK，测试是否生效吧