基于django channel实现websocket的聊天室的方法示例

(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/16 浏览：2)

websocket

  • 网易聊天室"htmlcode"> 
    <body>
  <!-- 输入内容-->
  <input type="text" id="input">
  <!-- 提交数据-->
  <button> 提交数据</button>
  <!-- 显示内容-->
  <div>
    <div ></div>
  </div>

<script>
  var input=document.getElementById('input');
  var button=document.querySelector('button');
  var message=document.querySelector('div');
  //websocket在浏览器端如何使用
  //现在html已经提供了websocket,我们可以直接使用
  var socket= new WebSocket('ws://echo.websocket.org');
  socket.onopen=function () {
    message.innerHTML='连接成功了'
  };
  //socket.addEventListener('open',function (data) {
   //  message.innerHTML='连接成功了'
  //});
  //点击事件
  button.onclick=function () {
    request=input.value;
    socket.send(request)
  }
  //获取返回数据
  socket.onmessage=function (data) {
    message.innerHTML=data.data
  };
  socket.onclose=function (data) {
    message.innerHTML=data.data
  }

</script>

</body>

    优化前端代码

    button.onclick=function () {
    request=input.value;
    socket.send(request);
    input.value=''
  }
  //获取返回数据
  socket.onmessage = function (data) {
    var dv=document.createElement('div');
    dv.innerHTML=data.data;
    message.appendChild(dv)

  };

    websocket 事件

    事件 事件处理函数 描述 open socket.onopen 连接建立是触发 message socket.onmessage 客户端收到服务端数据是触发 error socket.error 通信发生错误时触发 close socket.close 连接关闭时触发

    websocket方法

    方法 描述 socket.send() 使用连接发送数据 socket.close() 关闭连接

    websocke treadyState值的状态

    值 描述 0 (CONNECTING) 正在链接中 1 (OPEN) 已经链接并且可以通讯 2 (CLOSING) 连接正在关闭 3 (CLOSED) 连接已关闭或者没有链接成功

    自建websocket服务端

    准备前端页面

    <!-- chat/templates/chat/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8"/>
  <title>Chat Rooms</title>
</head>
<body>
  What chat room would you like to enter"room-name-input" type="text" size="100"/><br/>
  <input id="room-name-submit" type="button" value="Enter"/>

  <script>
    document.querySelector('#room-name-input').focus();
    document.querySelector('#room-name-input').onkeyup = function(e) {
      if (e.keyCode === 13) { // enter, return
        document.querySelector('#room-name-submit').click();
      }
    };

    document.querySelector('#room-name-submit').onclick = function(e) {
      var roomName = document.querySelector('#room-name-input').value;
      window.location.pathname = '/web/' + roomName + '/';
    };
  </script>
</body>
</html>

    编辑django的views，使其返回数据

    # chat/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render

def index(request):
  return render(request, 'chat/index.html', {})

    修改url

    from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^$', index, name='index'),
  ]

    跟settings同级目录下创建routing.py 文件

    # mysite/routing.py
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
  # (http->django views is added by default)
})

    编辑settings文件,将channels添加到installed_apps里面

    INSTALLED_APPS = [
  'channels',
  'chat',
  'django.contrib.admin',
  'django.contrib.auth',
  'django.contrib.contenttypes',
  'django.contrib.sessions',
  'django.contrib.messages',
  'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

    并添加channel的配置信息

    ASGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.routing.application'

    准备聊天室的页面

    <!-- chat/templates/chat/room.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8"/>
  <title>Chat Room</title>
</head>
<body>
  <textarea id="chat-log" cols="100" rows="20"></textarea><br/>
  <input id="chat-message-input" type="text" size="100"/><br/>
  <input id="chat-message-submit" type="button" value="Send"/>
</body>
<script>
  var roomName = {{ room_name_json|safe }};

  var chatSocket = new WebSocket(
    'ws://' + window.location.host +
    '/ws/chat/' + roomName + '/');

  chatSocket.onmessage = function(e) {
    var data = JSON.parse(e.data);
    var message = data['message'];
    document.querySelector('#chat-log').value += (message + '\n');
  };

  chatSocket.onclose = function(e) {
    console.error('Chat socket closed unexpectedly');
  };

  document.querySelector('#chat-message-input').focus();
  document.querySelector('#chat-message-input').onkeyup = function(e) {
    if (e.keyCode === 13) { // enter, return
      document.querySelector('#chat-message-submit').click();
    }
  };

  document.querySelector('#chat-message-submit').onclick = function(e) {
    var messageInputDom = document.querySelector('#chat-message-input');
    var message = messageInputDom.value;
    chatSocket.send(JSON.stringify({
      'message': message
    }));

    messageInputDom.value = '';
  };
</script>
</html>

    准备views文件，使其返回页面

    def room(request, room_name):
  return render(request, 'chat/room.html', {
    'room_name_json':json.dumps(room_name)
  })

    修改url

    from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
  url(r'^("htmlcode">

    

    from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
import json

class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
  def connect(self):
    self.accept()

  def disconnect(self, close_code):
    pass

  def receive(self, text_data):
    text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
    message = text_data_json['message']

    self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
      'message': message
    }))


    

    


    创建ws的路由
    


    

    # chat/routing.py
from django.conf.urls import url

from . import consumers

websocket_urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^ws/chat/("htmlcode">

    

    # mysite/routing.py
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
import chat.routing

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
  # (http->django views is added by default)
  'websocket': AuthMiddlewareStack(
    URLRouter(
      chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
    )
  ),
})


    

    


    执行数据库的迁移命令
    


    

    python manage.py migrate

    

    


    要实现群聊功能，还需要准备redis
    


    

    docker run -p 6379:6379 -d redis:2.8
pip3 install channels_redis

    

    


    将redis添加到settings的配置文件中
    


    

    # mysite/settings.py
# Channels
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.routing.application'
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
  'default': {
    'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
    'CONFIG': {
      "hosts": [('127.0.0.1', 6379)],
    },
  },
}

    

    


    修改consumer.py文件
    


    

    from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
import json

class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
  def connect(self):
    self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['room_name']
    self.room_group_name = 'chat_%s' % self.room_name

    # Join room group
    async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
      self.room_group_name,
      self.channel_name
    )

    self.accept()

  def disconnect(self, close_code):
    # Leave room group
    async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(
      self.room_group_name,
      self.channel_name
    )

  # Receive message from WebSocket
  def receive(self, text_data):
    text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
    message = text_data_json['message']

    # Send message to room group
    async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)(
      self.room_group_name,
      {
        'type': 'chat_message',
        'message': message
      }
    )

  # Receive message from room group
  def chat_message(self, event):
    message = event['message']

    # Send message to WebSocket
    self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
      'message': message
    }))


    

    


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